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Desire or need for rest. Physiology. The decreased capacity or complete inability of an organism, an organ, or a part to function normally because of excessive stimulation or prolonged exertion.F @ < P  ACUTE FATIGUEAssociated with long work days Characteristics Inattention/Distractibility Errors in timing Need for greater stimuli Neglect of secondary tasks Loss of accuracy and control Unawareness of error accumulation Overcome by adequate rest or sleep 8/@K$/$CHRONIC FATIGUEResults from successive periods of acute fatigue Characteristics Insomnia Irritability Depression Poor judgement Weight loss Loss of appetite Slowed reaction time Several sleep periods & reduced work schedule can help eliminate8Ai@KAAiAREDUCTION OF FATIGUEPhysical fitness Limit self-imposed stress Good living conditions, food, rest Limit work periods Deal effectively with stress and acute fatigue Take regular leave Practice crew endurance Ergonomics SELF-IMPOSED STRESSES HYPOXIAResults from having an insufficient amount of oxygen in the body, or the inability of the body to utilize the oxygen. Normally associated with high altitude, but many other factors interfere with the blood ability to carry oxygen. TYPES OF HYPOXIA#HYPOXIC HYPEMIC STAGNENT HISTOTOXIC HYPOXIC HYPOXIA;Insufficient oxygen, reduced PO2 Occurs at higher altitudes HYPEMIC HYPOXIAoReduction of oxygen carrying capacity of the blood Anemia, Blood Loss, and the presence of Carbon Monoxide (CO) STAGNANT HYPOXIAInadequate circulation of the blood Heart Failure, Venous Pooling (High G s) HISTOTOXIC HYPOXIAbBody tissue poisoned, can not absorb oxygen from the blood Alcohol, narcotics, and certain poisonsSTAGES OF HYPOXIA-INDIFFERENT COMPENSATORY DISTURBANCE CRITICALINDIFFERENT STAGEWO2 Saturation 98%-90% Altitude 0-10 Thousand feet Symptoms Decrease In Night Vision R>@K  ;COMPENSATORY STAGEO2 Saturation 90%-80% Altitude 10-15 Thousand feet Symptoms Drowsiness Poor Judgement Impaired Coordination Impaired Efficiency Increased pulse and respiration to compensateJ?D@K.<D.DISTURBANCE STAGEO2 Saturation 80%-70% Altitude 15-20 Thousand feet Symptoms Flight Control Vision Handwriting/Speech Memory Coordination Judgement Decreased Sensation to Pain Physiological responses can no longer compensate for oxygen deficiencyJ?f@KG<fG CRITICAL STAGEO2 Saturation 70%-60% Altitude 20-25 Thousand feet Symptoms Circulatory Failure CNS Failure/Convulsions Convulsions DEATH Within 3-5 minutes, judgement and coordination deterioratesJ?>@K<<><! PREVENTIONqLIMIT TIME AT ALTITUDE (AR 95-1) 10-12 Thousand Ft 1 Hour 12-14 Thousand Ft 30 Min >14 Thousand Ft Sup. Oxygen @!P@K  !P"SPATIAL DISORIENTATIONDefined as- an individuals inaccurate perception of actual position, attitude, and motion relative to the center of the earth. Pilots rely on false information their senses provide Contributes to more accidents than any other physiological problem in flight. # COMMON TERMSORIENTATION or EQUILIBRIUM SENSORY ILLUSION VERTIGO PILOT S VERTIGO $EQUILIBRIUM MAINTENANCEVVISUAL SYSTEM Most Important/Reliable Use Visual Sensory Input to avoid disorientation&I@KI%EQUILIBRIUM MAINTENANCE3VESTIBULAR SYSTEM Otolith Organs Semicicular Canals&"@K", &EQUILIBRIUM MAINTENANCEPROPRIOCEPTIVE SYSTEM reacts to pressure on the joints, muscles, and skin  seat of the pants flying &O@KO'(VISUAL ILLUSIONSRDefined as- False impressions or misconceptions of actual conditions FFF-CRASH-SARSE0)VISUAL ILLUSIONSFalse Horizons-vertical/horizontal cues Flicker Vertigo Fixation/Fascination Confusion with Ground Lights Reversible Perspective Altered Planes of Reference Size-Distance Illusion Height Perception (depth)*VISUAL ILLUSIONS8Structural Illusion Autokinetic illusion Relative Motion +VESTIBULAR ILLUSIONSuSomatogyral Illusions Leans Graveyard Spin Coriolis Illusion Somatogravic Illusions Oculogravic Elevator OculoagravicL'@K"@K'"R     ,2PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF SPATIAL DISORIENTATION-MIDDLE EAR DISCOMFORTEar-helps regulate equilibrium During Flight descents cause changes in pressure rapid descents After Flight oxygen may cause delayed ear blocks Prevention and Treatment swallowing, yawning, valsalva don t fly with cold, sinus problemsr-2@K $@KB@K-2 $B %.  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