*FM1-140

Field Manual 1-140

Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC, 29 March 1996

Table of Contents

PREFACE

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

Training Strategy

Gunnery Standards

Gunnery Tables

Readiness Reporting

Master Gunner Program

Weapons Training Standards

CHAPTER 2. HELICOPTER GUNNERY TRAINING STRATEGY

Section 1. Training Assesment and Planning

The Commander's Assesment

Planning the Training

Effective Assesment and Training

Section 2. Pregunnery Training

Subject Areas and Techniques

Table V

Section 3. Helicopter Gunnery Range Training

Qualification Gates

Individual Gates

Crew Simulator/Ground Training Gates

Crew Live-Fire Gates

Engagement Scoring System

Scoring Criteria

Engagement Scoring

Scoring Moving Engagements

Scoring Hellfire Engagements with the VRS and AVTR

Remote Hellfire Engagement Scoring

Section 4. Posttraining Assesment

After-Action Review

Required Documents

Range Score Sheet

CHAPTER 3. RANGES FOR HELICOPTER GUNNERY TRAINING

Section 1. Range Requirements

Range Considerations

Realistic Training

Operational Requirements

Range Scheduling

Section 2. Personnel Responsibilites and Duties

Officer in Charge

Range Safety Officer

Master Gunner

Laser Range Safety Officer or NCO

Radio Operators

Class III/V OIC or NCOIC

Section 3. Helicopter Gunnery Range Safety

Ground Safety

Firing Safety

Aircraft Emergency Plan

Section 4. Range Layout

Considerations

Multipurpose Range Complex

Aerial Weapons Scoring System

Attack Helicopter Gunnery Range

Section 5. Successful Training

Guides to Successful Training

CHAPTER 4. BALLISTICS

Interior Ballistics

Exterior Ballistics

Aerial Ballistics

Terminal Ballistics

Dispersion

CHAPTER 5. MUNITIONS FOR HELICOPTER WEAPON SYSTEMS

Section 1. Linked Ammunition

7.62 Millimeter for M60/M60d Machine Gun

.50 Caliber for OH-58D Kiowa Warrior

20-Millimeter for AH-1E/F

30 Millimeter forthe AH-64 M230 Cannon

Section 2. Rockets

2.75 Inch Rockets

Rocket Warheads (Tactical and Training)

Fuzes

Section 3. Missiles

Missile Configurations

Missile Performance Capabilities

Missile Performance Distracters

TOW Missile

Air-To-Air Stinger

CHAPTER 6. CREW WARFIGHTING

Section 1. Fratricide Prevention

Situational Awareness

Contributing Factors

Fratricide Prevention

Section 2. Target Aquisition

Acquisition Defined

Target Acquisition Process

Crew Search

Aerial Search Techniques

Techniques for Crew Search

Target Detection

Target Detection Challenges

Target Location

Target Classification

Confirmation

Section 3. Range Determination

Range Determination

Aircraft Mil Values

Laser-off Operations

Section 4. Crew Communications

Crew Communications

Fire Commands

Lines of Communications

Phraseology

Remote Hellfire Missile Firing

Remote Call for Fire

Call for Fire Description

Example of Call for Fire, One Missile, Two AHs

Example of Call for Fire, Two Missiles, Ripple Fire, Two AHs

Autonomous Fire Mission to Apache

Section 5. Precombat Checks

Precombat Checks

Before Mission Receipt Checks

Upon Mission Receipt

Preparing for the Mission

Final Checks

Crew Checks

Run-up Checks

Communications Checks

Conclusion

CHAPTER 7. ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

Section 1. Modes and Types of Fire

Types of Fire

Modes of Fire

Target Effect Standards

Section 2. Terminology and Information on Weapons

Effective Range

2.75 inch Rocket

Boresighting and Dynamic Harmonization

Section 3. Crew Techniques

Firing Techniques

TTP for the Modes of Fire

Section 4. Night Gunnery for Non-C-NITE AH-1

AH-1 Night Firing

Issues with Night AH-1 Gunnery

Section 5. Air Combat Weaponeering

Weapon Systems Engagement Ranges

Target Engagement Factors

APPENDIX A. HELICOPTER DOOR GUNNERY

APPENDIX B. HELICOPTER GUNNERY TABLES

APPENDIX C. ENGAGEMENT TIME POINT CALCULATION SHEETS

GLOSSARY

REFERENCES

AUTHENTICATION

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

This publication supersedes TC 1-140, 30 September 1991.